Is it the case the companies don't have to buy their stock back in order to buy you out? That's how it seems and it drives me crazy. Buying another company's stock because you speculate that their worth will increase seems like a reasonable strategy to me. I would think that this would also get rid of the need for the arbitrary mechanic of having to pay double for stock owned by other players during a buy-out.
In Jakkillr's example, I'm assuming that it occurs with those percentages if everyone's stock value is equivalent. To be honest, I'm having a hard time figuring out exactly what you mean, but here is what I imagine would be the most intuitive for new players:
All the companys' stock is initially $10 lets say. I don't know how it's calculates in the game, but lets assume that their debt, cash, patents, claims, factories, and resources are all valued at $10,000,000 when put together.
So for example, Company A owns 70% of 10,000,000, 30% of 10,000,000 and 20% of 10,000,000 totalling 10,000,000!
If they liquify their goods and materials, to get $100,000 in cash, then they still have a total net-worth of $10,000,000 because the no longer have those goods and materials. Now at this point, if some of the goods they liquified increase in value, then they will be worth less than the companies that still hold that good in their stocks.
What this means is that company A can't buy out anyone because as they gather the cash to do so, their worth isn't automatically changing. they are just exchanging stock of equal value. So for instance, they may use %10 of their worth to buy %10 more of Company B, but until Company B is worth a different net-worth from Company A, nothing has really changed.
In such a scenario, a good defensive play would be to buy the stocks of the company of the best player. Hypothetically, you could just ride on their coattail long enough to gain a large enough advantage to buy out the player of the least value. It's brutal, but capitalism is brutal. For the players who believe in meritocracy, they can just buy their own stock and make as much profit as they can with manufacture of goods. It's possible that Mohawk tried this and found that it made for bad experiences, but I haven't read such an account.