It's not very realistic (why would an annihilated and unpopulated planet care about culture?), but it's a nice way of slowing down an advance into an enemy stronghold.
Sure it is.
Instead of thinking "unpopulated" think "taxation and other governmental infrastructures annihilated". Those population points aren't really people (although the population are figured into things in terms of potential), it's more a measure of how much you can tax the world, and how productive it is. Instead of thinking "Culture" think "The will to endure as a people and put up strong resistance to enemy subjugation techniques".
Day to day governmental functions tend to be poorly executed when the land has been reduced to rubble. When the culture drops to zero and the world flips, it's more akin to surrendering... or having been devastated to the point where the local government no longer functions, and proper resistance is no longer feasible. At this point, one's ground forces/colonists/administrators can conquer/settle/dominate the world's indigenous population, and begin to rebuild.
-Itharus